Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | n | ||||
| Stop | p | t d | k | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ ʒ | |||
| Approximant | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
Vowel inventory:
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i y | u |
| High-mid | e | o |
| Near-low | æ | |
| Low | a |
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
Nouns have six cases:
| Nominative | No affix dog (doing the verb)
|
| Accusative | Prefix tu- (verb done to) dog
|
| Genitive | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃe- dogʼs
|
| Dative | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sæ- to dog
|
| Locative | Prefix pa- near/at/by dog
|
| Ablative | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʒ- Else: Prefix ʒo- from dog
|
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Definite | No affix the dog
|
If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃy- the dogs
|
| Indefinite | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix te- a dog
|
Prefix ʃu- some dogs
|
Paja encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative | Ablative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | I
|
me
|
mine
|
to me
|
to me
|
from me
|
| 2nd singular | you
|
you
|
yours
|
to you
|
to you
|
from you
|
| 3rd singular masc | he, it (masc)
|
him, it (masc)
|
his, its (masc)
|
to him, to it (masc)
|
to him, to it (masc)
|
from him, from it (masc)
|
| 3rd singular fem | she, it (fem)
|
her, it (fem)
|
hers, its (fem)
|
to her, to it (fem)
|
to her, to it (fem)
|
from her, from it (fem)
|
| 1st plural | we
|
us
|
ours
|
to us
|
to us
|
from us
|
| 2nd plural | you all
|
you all
|
yours (pl)
|
to you all
|
to you all
|
from you all
|
| 3rd plural | they
|
them
|
theirs
|
to them
|
to them
|
from them
|
| Possessive | |
|---|---|
| 1st singular | my
|
| 2nd singular | your
|
| 3rd singular masc | his
|
| 3rd singular fem | hers
|
| 1st plural | our
|
| 2nd plural | your (pl)
|
| 3rd plural | their
|
| Present | No affix learn
|
| Past | Prefix o- learned
|
Paja uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
| Future | Particle before the verb: li - will learn
|
| Imperfective | If starts with vowel: Prefix erʒ- Else: Prefix erʒy- learns/is learning
|
| Perfect | Reduplicate whole word have learned
|
Paja has a base-10 number system:
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
100 -
1000 -
Adjective → adverb = Prefix a-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix atl-
Else: Prefix atly-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix lu-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix na-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix urk-
Else: Prefix urke-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix a-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix læ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix y-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix te-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix i-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix yd-
Else: Prefix ydy-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix py-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix la-
Key: